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Objective To observe the effect of IcarisideⅡ (ICSⅡ) on spatial learning and memory impairments and axonal regeneration induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) in rats.Methods 90 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,sham operation group,CCH group and ICS Ⅱ low,middle and high-dose treatment groups.The chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion.Then these rats in ICS Ⅱ low,middle and high-dose treatment groups were given ICS Ⅱ4,8 and 16 mg/(kg · d) by gavage on the 1st day after modeling.There were 5 rats in every group at each observing time(4,8 and 12 week).Morris water maze experiment was utilized to assess the escape latency and the target quadrant residence time while HE and immunohistochemistry analysis were applied to test the morphology change and expressions of GAP-43,MAP-2 and Nogo-A in hippocampal CA 1.Results Compared with those of sham operation groups at 4,8 and 12 week respectively,the escape latency in CCH group were significantly prolonged(40.02±4.95) s,(42.29±5.75) s,(53.68±6.14) s vs (26.43±2.68) s,(26.84±2.06) s,(31.53±4.12) s,P＜0.05;the target quadrant residence time were significantly reduced(28.53±2.40) s,(28.02±4.28) s,(22.60±4.03) s vs (33.34±2.89) s,(33.31 ±4.14) s,(31.63±2.20)s,P＜0.05);the expressions of GAP-43 and Nogo-A were increased with that of MAP-2 reduced(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the neuropathological changes with more denatured neurons and less normal neurons were found in hippocampal CA1.However,compared with those of CCH group,the escape latency of ICS Ⅱ middle and high-dose groups (30.58±3.03) s,(29.19±4.23) s,(38.77±5.80) s;(28.90±2.98) s,(26.91 ±6.63) s,(36.51 ±3.98) s) were shortened (P＜0.05);the target quadrant residence time (32.54± 3.41) s,(32.69±3.47) s,(28.27±3.57) s;(32.69±3.54) s,(33.20±4.29) s,(28.07±4.04) s) were increased (P＜ 0.05);the expression of Nogo-A was decreased while those of GAP-43 and MAP-2 were conversely increased (P＜0.05).Moreover,few denatured neurons were observed in hippocampal CA1.But there were no differences for those indexs between CCH group and ICS Ⅱ low-dose treatment groups (P＞0.05).Compared with those in 8 week and 4 week,the escape latency and the target quadrant residence time were prolonged and reduced with the expression of Nogo-A increased in all groups except normal group and sham operation group(P＜0.05),the expressions of GAP-43 and MAP-2 were decreased in CCH group and ICS Ⅱ low-dose treatment group(P＜0.05),but there were no significant differences in ICS Ⅱ middle and high-dose treatment groups at 12 week(P＞0.05).However,there were no statistical significance of all indexes between 8 week and 4 week(P＞0.05).Conclusion ICS Ⅱ can improve the spatial learning and memory in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats,which may be achieved by neuroprotective effects and reducing the expression of Nogo-A consequently promotes the regeneration of axons.
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Objective To observe the effects of icarisid Ⅱ (ICS Ⅱ)on cognitive deficits and expression of synaptophysin(SYN)in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion(CCH)rat models.Methods 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal group,sham operation group,model group and ICSⅡgroup.The model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion(BCCAO).ICS Ⅱ group was administered ICS Ⅱ at a dose of 8mg·kg -1 ·d -1 by gavage on 1st day after modeling.Sham group and CCH group were injected double -distilled water.The escape latency(s)and spatial probe times were measured by water maze test.Then,the morphology change and expression of SYN in hippocampal were assayed by HE and immunohistochemistry analysis.Results At the 1st month and 2nd month,the escape latency in the model group[(40.02 ±4.95)s,(42.29 ±5.75)s]were significantly prolonged compared with the sham operation group[(26.43 ±2.68)s,(26.84 ±2.06)s](t =4.89,5.06,all P 0.05 ). Conclusion ICS Ⅱ can improve the cognitive deficits in CCH rat models and this effect may be associated with increased expressions of SYN in hippocampal.
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Objective To analyze risk factors and complication characteristics of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in patients with lung cancer,and provide evidence for the formulation of HAI management strategy. Methods HAI-related articles were retrieved from China Biology Medicine (CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Wanfang database,Vip database,PubMed,and Embase,all data were conducted Meta-analysis.Results A total of 19 articles involving 8 069 hospitalized patients with lung cancer (1 280 had HAI)were included.Meta-analysis on combined values of medical factors for HAI were as follows:OR(95%CI )of anti-tumor therapy(radiotherapy and chemotherapy),number of chemotherapy (≥ 2 times ),antimicrobial prophylaxis, immunosuppressant therapy,and invasive operation were 3.13 (1 .82,5.39),9.20 (3.04,27.87),3.23 (1 .77, 5.91),2.00(1 .56,2.57),and 2.28(1 .81 ,2.88),respectively;Meta-analysis on combined values of complication factors for HAI were as follows:OR (95% CI )of pulmonary diseases,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),diabetes,renal dysfunction,malnutrition,hypoalbuminemia,neutropenia,and leukopenia were 2.65 (1 .74,4.02),2.40 (1 .76,3.27),2.25 (1 .85,2.73 ),2.56 (1 .18,5.52),5.51 (1 .70,17.89),2.05 (1 .56, 2.70),3.38(1 .40,8.18),and 2.10 (1 .22,3.62),respectively.Conclusion HAI-related factors of medical treat-ment and complications in patients with lung cancer are diversity,risk factors for HAI in patients with lung cancer are anti-tumor therapy,immunosuppressant therapy,antimicrobial prophylaxis,invasive operation,pulmonary dis-eases,COPD,diabetes,renal dysfunction,malnutrition,hypoalbuminemia,neutropenia,and leucopenia.
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Objective To provide the evidences for the management strategies of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in neonates,we systematically reviewed all related studies and analyzed the high-risk primary disease and medical factors of VAP in neonates.Methods We retrieved all related studies in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,Pubmed and Embase and evaluated their quality by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and analyzed all data by qualitative and Meta-analysis.Results There were 12 case-control studies with higher methodological quality and involving 1 994 neonates and with 708 VAP patients.Six studies involving 872 neonates were included,the odds ratio of respiratory distress syndrome(OR=2.81) and malnutrition(OR=5.18) had significant differences between VAP and non-VAP group.Seven studies involving 1 110 neonates were included and the odds ratio of patients with corticosteroids (OR=3.12),central inhibitors (OR=2.31),antacids (OR=4.35) and Gamma globulin with large doses (OR=2.35) had significant differences between VAP group and non VAP.Four studies involving 554 neonates were included and the odds ratio of patients with closed chest drainage (OR=1.81)and umbilical vein catheterization (OR=9.19) had significant differences between VAP group and non VAP.Six studies involving 1 139 neonates were included and the odds ratio of patients with parenteral nutrition (OR=1.82)and blood transfusions (OR=2.49) had significant differences between VAP group and non VAP.Conclusions Our study confirms that the respiratory distress syndrome and malnutrition corticosteroids,central inhibitors,antacids,Gamma globulin with large doses,closed chest drainage,umbilical vein catheterization,parenteral nutrition and blood transfusions are important risk and early-warning factors.
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Objective To estimate the pharmacoeconomics of two remedy scheme in curing acute cerebral infarction. Method In 212 cases with acute cerebral infarction patients, 206 cases were adopted, and randomly divided into two group. Group A was 102 cases and Group B was 104 cases. Group A was administered with 18 ml cattle encephalon glycoside which was added into 250 ml 5%glucose injection, ivgtt, qd. After 7 days it was administered compound Butylphthalide Soft Capsules, 0.2 g qid, combined Xiaoshuantongluo capsule, 2.1 g tid until 14 days later. Group B was administered with cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection 18 ml which was added into 250 ml 5%glucose injection, ivgtt, qd until 14 days. The basic therapy of two groups were same. After therapy compared the safety and clinic curative effect from European Stroke Scale(ESS) and activities of daily living(ADL).Then outcome-effectiveness was assayed in pharmacoeconomics. Results The total effective rate were 92.2 and 95.2%,and ccurrence of adverse react were 4.7 and 7.5, respectively,in the two group.The clinic total effective rate counting C/E was respectively 129.1 and 178.5;ΔC/ΔE was 1697.7. Conclusion The clinic curative effect of two group was intimate, but the cost had signiifcant difference. The sequential antimicrobial therapy in curing acute cerebral infarction had excellent advantage in outcome-effectiveness.
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Objective To study the effect of dextran sulfate inhibiting leukocytes infiltration and infarct size,and apoptosis in rats with cerebral embolism.Methods Using one's blood emboli,dextran sulfate (4 mg/kg) or saline was intravenously administered after half an hour ischemia and urokinase (5000 U/kg) was injected after 2h or 4h ischemia in rat embolic stroke models.At 12h or 24h after ischemia,the infarct size were measured by TTC staining.ICAM-1 expression and leukocytes infiltration were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, apoptosis were detected by TUNEL;blood-brain barrier(BBB) and cell necrosis were observed by electromicroscopy.Results combined thrombolytic group compared with pure thrombolytic group,the infarct focus decreased(P